/* CSCI261 HW07: Smart Blackjack
 *
 *     Author: jpaone
 * Created on: 11 Feb 2016
 *
 * This program plays Blackjack in a naive manner.  Only cards
 * with values 1-10 are available and cards are randomly
 * generated.  There is no enforcement that a card cannot be dealt
 * twice in a row to the Player or Dealer.
 */

#include <cstdlib>		// for srand(), rand()
#include <ctime>		// for time()

#include <iostream>		// for cout, cin, etc.
#include <string>		// for string
using namespace std;

/*
 * The structure of our Card data type.
 * Contains the rank of the card as an int
 * and the suit of the card as a string.
 */
struct Card {
	int rank;			// rank of card, expected acceptable values 1-10
	string suit;		// suit of card, expected values "Hearts", "Clubs", "Diamonds", "Spades"
};

/*
 * Converts a number between 0 and 3 to a corresponding
 * playing card suit.  If a value other than [0, 3] is
 * entered then the suit is set to Spades by default.
 *
 * Input:
 * 		int suitNam : number of the suit in the range of [0, 3]
 *
 * Output:
 * 		string suit : name of the suit
 */
string ConvertIntToSuit( int suitNum );

/*
 * Generates a card variable with random values.
 * The rank of the card will be between 1 and 10 (inclusive)
 * and the suit will be set to one of Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds,
 * or Spades.
 *
 * Input:
 *
 * Output:
 * 		Card card : with valid data member values
 */
Card MakeRandomCard();

/*
 * Prints a Card variable to the terminal in the
 * format of "<rank> of <suit>"
 *
 * Input:
 * 		Card card : the card to display
 *
 * Output:
 *
 */
void PrintCard( const Card card );

/*
 * Updates the total by adding the rank of the
 * card.
 *
 * Input:
 * 		int total : the total to update
 * 		Card card : the card to add to the total
 *
 * Output:
 *
 */
void UpdateTotal( int &total, const Card card );

/*
 * The main function of our program.  This is the entry
 * point to our program and will be run first.
 *
 * Input:
 *
 * Output:
 * 		int exitCode : code returned when program exits
 */
int main() {

	srand( time(NULL) );											// seed our RNG with the current time

	bool keepPlaying = true;										// keeps track if the user wants to continue playing

	while( keepPlaying ) {											// as long as the user decides to keep playing

		// Step 0
		// set up our variables to be used this hand
		string userChoice;											// keeps track of the entered user's choice
		int userTotal = 0, dealerTotal = 0;							// the card total for the user and dealer this hand

		// Step 1
		// Deal a card to the Dealer
		Card recentCard = MakeRandomCard();							// generate a random card for the dealer
		cout << "Dealer shows the ";
		PrintCard( recentCard );
		cout << endl;
		UpdateTotal( dealerTotal, recentCard );						// add the card's rank to the dealer's total
		cout << "Dealer total is: " << dealerTotal << endl;

		// Step 2
		// Deal a card to the User
		recentCard = MakeRandomCard();								// generate a random card for the user
		cout << "You were dealt the ";
		PrintCard( recentCard );
		cout << endl;
		UpdateTotal( userTotal, recentCard );						// add the card's rank to the user total

		do {
			// Step 3
			// Deal another card to the user
			recentCard = MakeRandomCard();							// generate a random card for the user
			cout << "You were dealt the ";
			PrintCard( recentCard );
			cout << endl;
			UpdateTotal( userTotal, recentCard );					// add the card's rank to the user total
			cout << "Your total is: " << userTotal << endl;

			if( userTotal > 21 ) {									// if the user total is above 21
				cout << "You busted! ";								// tell the user they busted
				break;												// break out of the loop
			}

			cout << "Do you want to \"Hit\", \"Stand\"?\n> ";		// ask the user if they want another card
			cin >> userChoice;
		} while( userChoice.compare( "Stand" ) != 0  );				// only stop dealing cards to the user if they
																	// type stand.  Otherwise, deal them another card

		// Step 4
		// Deal another card to the Dealer if user didn't bust
		if( userTotal <= 21 ) {										// check that user did not bust
			while( dealerTotal < 17 ) {								// while the Dealer has less than 17 points
				recentCard = MakeRandomCard();						// generate a random card to the Dealer
				cout << "Dealer was dealt the ";
				PrintCard( recentCard );
				cout << endl;
				UpdateTotal( dealerTotal, recentCard );				// add the card's rank to the user total
				cout << "Dealer total is: " << dealerTotal << endl;
			}
		}

		// Step 5
		// Print winner
		if( userTotal > 21 ) {										// if user busted
			cout << "Dealer wins" << endl;								// then Dealer wins
		} else if( dealerTotal > 21 ) {								// otherwise if Dealer busted
			cout << "Dealer busted!  You win" << endl;					// then user wins
		} else if( dealerTotal > userTotal ) {						// otherwise, nobody busted, Dealer's total is higher
			cout << "Dealer wins" << endl;								// then Dealer wins
		} else if( userTotal > dealerTotal ) {						// otherwise if user's total is higher
			cout << "You win" << endl;									// then user wins
		} else {													// otherwise, nobody's total is higher
			cout << "Push" << endl;										// hand is a push
		}

		// Step 6
		// Ask user if they want to play again
		cout << "Do you want to play again?  \"Yes\" or \"No\"?\n> ";
		cin >> userChoice;

		if( userChoice.compare( "No" ) == 0 ) {						// if user says No
			keepPlaying = false;										// then turn on keep playing flag off
		}
	}

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;											// report the program exited successfully
}

/*
 * Converts a number between 0 and 3 to a corresponding
 * playing card suit.  If a value other than [0, 3] is
 * entered then the suit is set to Spades by default.
 */
string ConvertIntToSuit( int suitNum ) {
	switch( suitNum ) {
		case 0:		return "Hearts";
		case 1:		return "Clubs";
		case 2:		return "Diamonds";
		case 3:
		default:	return "Spades";
	}
}

/*
 * Generates a card variable with random values.
 * The rank of the card will be between 1 and 10 (inclusive)
 * and the suit will be set to one of Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds,
 * or Spades.
 */
Card MakeRandomCard() {
	Card newCard;
	newCard.rank = (rand() % 10) + 1;								// set the rank equal to a random value between 1 and 10
	newCard.suit = ConvertIntToSuit( rand() % 4 );					// set the suit equal to a random suit
	return newCard;													// return the generated card
}

/*
 * Prints a Card variable to the terminal in the
 * format of "<rank> of <suit>"
 */
void PrintCard( const Card card ) {
	cout << card.rank << " of " << card.suit;
}

/*
 * Updates the total by adding the rank of the
 * card.
 */
void UpdateTotal( int &total, const Card card ) {
	total += card.rank;												// add the rank of the card to the total
}